Historical Background
The city's second-largest square traces its history back to the time of Peter the Great. It covers about 9 hectares (22 acres). Over its three centuries this place has changed many names, from the “Empty Meadow” to Tsaritsyn Meadow, but it acquired its present name in the reign of Alexander I. After the October Revolution, in 1918, the Field of Mars was renamed Square of the Victims of the Revolution, as a monumental memorial complex designed by the architect Rudnev was being built here. During the Siege of Leningrad an antiaircraft battery was stationed here, and from the summer of 1942 the entire square was given over to city vegetable gardens to feed the townspeople, in line with a Leningrad City Council order of March 19 of that year. At first the gardens sprang up spontaneously, but later the work became more organized. For people unfamiliar with growing vegetables, stands with brochures and leaflets were put up. Nearly all the work was done by hand, and particular problems were rats and the poor suitability of urban soil for growing vegetables. After the Siege was lifted, in 1944, the square got its present name back, and on November 6, 1957, the first Eternal Flame in the USSR was lit on the Field of Mars. The torch used to light it was made in Leningrad, at the Kirov Plant.



